Address & Identity Data Formats for 86 Countries
This site covers address and identity data formats for 86 countries and regions. The tables below group them by region and list each one's postal format, national ID and check digit: ✓ means the postal codes come from public postal data, ~ means there is no authoritative source and codes are generated to format. Open any country for its format notes, a worked example and the generator.
Popular countries and regions
The countries and regions people reach for most often — open one for its address format, its national ID and a worked example.
North America2
North America is just the United States and Canada, and they share the most rigid postal system here: a five-digit ZIP in the US, a six-character A1A 1A1 in Canada, both drawn from public postal data. Their divisions are the simplest too — states and provinces, each written with its official two-letter code. SSN and SIN are both nine digits with a check digit that can be verified.
North America — Supported countries and regions| Country / region | ISO | Divisions | Cities | Postal format | National ID | Currency |
|---|
| United States | US | 51 | 16563 | 5 digits✓ | Social Security Number | USD |
|---|
| United States (US) has 51 divisions and 16563 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Social Security Number (Format only). |
| Canada | CA | 13 | 5161 | prefix from real data · 1 digit · 1 letter · 1 digit✓ | Social Insurance Number | CAD |
|---|
| Canada (CA) has 13 divisions and 5161 cities covered; Postal code: prefix from real data · 1 digit · 1 letter · 1 digit; its main identity document is Social Insurance Number (Official check digit). |
Latin America14
Latin America is the largest group on this page, at 14 countries. Every one except Bolivia and Panama has postal codes, mostly four to nine characters, and most are written into the address with a hyphen or a space. The distinctive part of this group is the identity documents: CPF, CURP, CUIT, RUT and RUC mostly carry an official check digit, so alongside the ✓ you will often see "official check digit" in the table.
Latin America — Supported countries and regions| Country / region | ISO | Divisions | Cities | Postal format | National ID | Currency |
|---|
| Brazil | BR | 27 | 324 | 5 digits - 3 digits✓ | Tax ID (CPF) | BRL |
|---|
| Brazil (BR) has 27 divisions and 324 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits - 3 digits; its main identity document is Tax ID (CPF) (Official check digit). |
| Mexico | MX | 32 | 2478 | 5 digits✓ | Population Registry Code | MXN |
|---|
| Mexico (MX) has 32 divisions and 2478 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Population Registry Code (Official check digit). |
| Argentina | AR | 24 | 525 | 4 digits✓ | CUIT/CUIL | ARS |
|---|
| Argentina (AR) has 24 divisions and 525 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is CUIT/CUIL (Official check digit). |
| Chile | CL | 16 | 346 | 7 digits✓ | RUT/RUN | CLP |
|---|
| Chile (CL) has 16 divisions and 346 cities covered; Postal code: 7 digits; its main identity document is RUT/RUN (Official check digit). |
| Uruguay | UY | 19 | 652 | 5 digits✓ | Cédula de Identidad | UYU |
|---|
| Uruguay (UY) has 19 divisions and 652 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Cédula de Identidad (Official check digit). |
| Paraguay | PY | 18 | 263 | 6 digits✓ | RUC | PYG |
|---|
| Paraguay (PY) has 18 divisions and 263 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is RUC (Official check digit). |
| Colombia | CO | 33 | 1122 | 6 digits✓ | Cédula de Ciudadanía | COP |
|---|
| Colombia (CO) has 33 divisions and 1122 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is Cédula de Ciudadanía (Format only). |
| Peru | PE | 26 | 1821 | 5 digits✓ | DNI | PEN |
|---|
| Peru (PE) has 26 divisions and 1821 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is DNI (Official check digit). |
| Ecuador | EC | 24 | 221 | 6 digits✓ | Cédula | USD |
|---|
| Ecuador (EC) has 24 divisions and 221 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is Cédula (Official check digit). |
| Bolivia | BO | 9 | 325 | No postal code system~ | Cédula de Identidad | BOB |
|---|
| Bolivia (BO) has 9 divisions and 325 cities covered; Postal code: No postal code system; its main identity document is Cédula de Identidad (Format only). |
| Guatemala | GT | 22 | 527 | 5 digits✓ | DPI/CUI | GTQ |
|---|
| Guatemala (GT) has 22 divisions and 527 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is DPI/CUI (Format only). |
| Costa Rica | CR | 7 | 473 | 5 digits✓ | Cédula | CRC |
|---|
| Costa Rica (CR) has 7 divisions and 473 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Cédula (Format only). |
| Panama | PA | 11 | 729 | 5 digits✓ | Cédula | PAB |
|---|
| Panama (PA) has 11 divisions and 729 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Cédula (Format only). |
| Dominican Republic | DO | 32 | 155 | 5 digits✓ | Cédula | DOP |
|---|
| Dominican Republic (DO) has 32 divisions and 155 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Cédula (Official check digit). |
Europe31
Europe has the tidiest postal systems anywhere on this page: 31 countries, nearly all of them covered, and the patterns are highly formulaic — four digits, five digits, or a code with a fixed prefix such as L-1234, LV-1234, A65 F4E2 or AAA 1234. On the identity side, most EU countries use a national ID or tax number with a check digit, and a few use a population register number with a published algorithm.
Europe — Supported countries and regions| Country / region | ISO | Divisions | Cities | Postal format | National ID | Currency |
|---|
| United Kingdom | GB | 4 | 361 | prefix from real data · 1 digit · 2 letters✓ | National Insurance Number | GBP |
|---|
| United Kingdom (GB) has 4 divisions and 361 cities covered; Postal code: prefix from real data · 1 digit · 2 letters; its main identity document is National Insurance Number (Format only). |
| Germany | DE | 16 | 10940 | 5 digits✓ | National ID Number | EUR |
|---|
| Germany (DE) has 16 divisions and 10940 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National ID Number (Format only). |
| France | FR | 18 | 34868 | 5 digits✓ | Social Security Number | EUR |
|---|
| France (FR) has 18 divisions and 34868 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Social Security Number (Official check digit). |
| Italy | IT | 20 | 324 | 5 digits✓ | Fiscal Code | EUR |
|---|
| Italy (IT) has 20 divisions and 324 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Fiscal Code (Official check digit). |
| Spain | ES | 19 | 297 | 5 digits✓ | National ID (DNI) | EUR |
|---|
| Spain (ES) has 19 divisions and 297 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National ID (DNI) (Official check digit). |
| Portugal | PT | 20 | 308 | 4 digits - 3 digits✓ | Tax Number (NIF) | EUR |
|---|
| Portugal (PT) has 20 divisions and 308 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits - 3 digits; its main identity document is Tax Number (NIF) (Official check digit). |
| Netherlands | NL | 12 | 2501 | prefix from real data · 2 letters✓ | Citizen Service Number | EUR |
|---|
| Netherlands (NL) has 12 divisions and 2501 cities covered; Postal code: prefix from real data · 2 letters; its main identity document is Citizen Service Number (Official check digit). |
| Sweden | SE | 21 | 1754 | 3 digits · 2 digits✓ | Personal Identity Number | SEK |
|---|
| Sweden (SE) has 21 divisions and 1754 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits · 2 digits; its main identity document is Personal Identity Number (Official check digit). |
| Norway | NO | 15 | 1831 | 4 digits✓ | National Identity Number | NOK |
|---|
| Norway (NO) has 15 divisions and 1831 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is National Identity Number (Official check digit). |
| Poland | PL | 16 | 45502 | 2 digits - 3 digits✓ | Personal ID (PESEL) | PLN |
|---|
| Poland (PL) has 16 divisions and 45502 cities covered; Postal code: 2 digits - 3 digits; its main identity document is Personal ID (PESEL) (Official check digit). |
| Russia | RU | 83 | 31061 | 6 digits✓ | Insurance Number (SNILS) | RUB |
|---|
| Russia (RU) has 83 divisions and 31061 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is Insurance Number (SNILS) (Official check digit). |
| Switzerland | CH | 26 | 4099 | 4 digits✓ | AHV/AVS Number | CHF |
|---|
| Switzerland (CH) has 26 divisions and 4099 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is AHV/AVS Number (Official check digit). |
| Austria | AT | 9 | 2201 | 4 digits✓ | Sector-Specific PIN | EUR |
|---|
| Austria (AT) has 9 divisions and 2201 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is Sector-Specific PIN (Format only). |
| Belgium | BE | 11 | 576 | 4 digits✓ | National Register Number | EUR |
|---|
| Belgium (BE) has 11 divisions and 576 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is National Register Number (Official check digit). |
| Luxembourg | LU | 12 | 553 | 1 letter - 4 digits✓ | National ID Number | EUR |
|---|
| Luxembourg (LU) has 12 divisions and 553 cities covered; Postal code: 1 letter - 4 digits; its main identity document is National ID Number (Official check digit). |
| Ireland | IE | 26 | 152 | prefix from real data · 1 letter · 1 digit · 2 letters✓ | PPS Number | EUR |
|---|
| Ireland (IE) has 26 divisions and 152 cities covered; Postal code: prefix from real data · 1 letter · 1 digit · 2 letters; its main identity document is PPS Number (Official check digit). |
| Malta | MT | 68 | 68 | prefix from real data · 4 digits✓ | Birth Certificate Number | EUR |
|---|
| Malta (MT) has 68 divisions and 68 cities covered; Postal code: prefix from real data · 4 digits; its main identity document is Birth Certificate Number (Format only). |
| Denmark | DK | 5 | 98 | 4 digits✓ | CPR Number | DKK |
|---|
| Denmark (DK) has 5 divisions and 98 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is CPR Number (Format only). |
| Finland | FI | 19 | 308 | 5 digits✓ | Personal Identity Code | EUR |
|---|
| Finland (FI) has 19 divisions and 308 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Personal Identity Code (Official check digit). |
| Iceland | IS | 8 | 88 | 3 digits✓ | Kennitala | ISK |
|---|
| Iceland (IS) has 8 divisions and 88 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits; its main identity document is Kennitala (Official check digit). |
| Lithuania | LT | 10 | 18183 | 5 digits✓ | Personal Code | EUR |
|---|
| Lithuania (LT) has 10 divisions and 18183 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Personal Code (Official check digit). |
| Latvia | LV | 42 | 5658 | 1 letter · 1 character - 4 digits✓ | Personal Code | EUR |
|---|
| Latvia (LV) has 42 divisions and 5658 cities covered; Postal code: 1 letter · 1 character - 4 digits; its main identity document is Personal Code (Format only). |
| Estonia | EE | 15 | 4566 | 5 digits✓ | Personal Identification Code | EUR |
|---|
| Estonia (EE) has 15 divisions and 4566 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Personal Identification Code (Official check digit). |
| Czechia | CZ | 14 | 6256 | 3 digits · 2 digits✓ | Birth Number | CZK |
|---|
| Czechia (CZ) has 14 divisions and 6256 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits · 2 digits; its main identity document is Birth Number (Official check digit). |
| Slovakia | SK | 8 | 3038 | 3 digits · 2 digits✓ | Birth Number | EUR |
|---|
| Slovakia (SK) has 8 divisions and 3038 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits · 2 digits; its main identity document is Birth Number (Official check digit). |
| Hungary | HU | 20 | 3177 | 4 digits✓ | ID Card Number | HUF |
|---|
| Hungary (HU) has 20 divisions and 3177 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is ID Card Number (Format only). |
| Slovenia | SI | 212 | 6035 | 4 digits✓ | Unique Master Citizen Number | EUR |
|---|
| Slovenia (SI) has 212 divisions and 6035 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is Unique Master Citizen Number (Official check digit). |
| Croatia | HR | 21 | 6706 | 5 digits✓ | Personal Identification Number | EUR |
|---|
| Croatia (HR) has 21 divisions and 6706 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Personal Identification Number (Official check digit). |
| Romania | RO | 42 | 13896 | 6 digits✓ | Personal Numeric Code | RON |
|---|
| Romania (RO) has 42 divisions and 13896 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is Personal Numeric Code (Official check digit). |
| Bulgaria | BG | 28 | 5290 | 4 digits✓ | Uniform Civil Number | BGN |
|---|
| Bulgaria (BG) has 28 divisions and 5290 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is Uniform Civil Number (Official check digit). |
| Greece | GR | 14 | 329 | 3 digits · 2 digits✓ | Tax Number (AFM) | EUR |
|---|
| Greece (GR) has 14 divisions and 329 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits · 2 digits; its main identity document is Tax Number (AFM) (Format only). |
Middle East10
In the Middle East the postal column is the first thing to check: the UAE and Qatar have no postal code system at all, and while Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Kuwait and others do have codes, they are not used for delivery everywhere. Addresses are written hierarchically as district, then street, then building. Identity numbers follow each country's own scheme, and the Emirates ID's Luhn check is not officially published, so it is marked format-only here.
Middle East — Supported countries and regions| Country / region | ISO | Divisions | Cities | Postal format | National ID | Currency |
|---|
| United Arab Emirates | AE | 7 | 59 | No postal code system~ | Emirates ID | AED |
|---|
| United Arab Emirates (AE) has 7 divisions and 59 cities covered; Postal code: No postal code system; its main identity document is Emirates ID (Format only). |
| Saudi Arabia | SA | 13 | 110 | 5 digits✓ | National ID Number | SAR |
|---|
| Saudi Arabia (SA) has 13 divisions and 110 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National ID Number (Official check digit). |
| Israel | IL | 7 | 130 | 7 digits✓ | National ID Number | ILS |
|---|
| Israel (IL) has 7 divisions and 130 cities covered; Postal code: 7 digits; its main identity document is National ID Number (Official check digit). |
| Turkey | TR | 81 | 973 | 5 digits✓ | National ID Number | TRY |
|---|
| Turkey (TR) has 81 divisions and 973 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National ID Number (Official check digit). |
| Jordan | JO | 12 | 61 | 5 digits✓ | National Number | JOD |
|---|
| Jordan (JO) has 12 divisions and 61 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National Number (Format only). |
| Lebanon | LB | 8 | 30 | 4 digits✓ | Identity Card Number | LBP |
|---|
| Lebanon (LB) has 8 divisions and 30 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is Identity Card Number (Format only). |
| Qatar | QA | 8 | 22 | No postal code system~ | Qatar ID | QAR |
|---|
| Qatar (QA) has 8 divisions and 22 cities covered; Postal code: No postal code system; its main identity document is Qatar ID (Format only). |
| Kuwait | KW | 6 | 23 | 5 digits✓ | Civil ID | KWD |
|---|
| Kuwait (KW) has 6 divisions and 23 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Civil ID (Official check digit). |
| Bahrain | BH | 4 | 12 | 3 digits✓ | Personal Number | BHD |
|---|
| Bahrain (BH) has 4 divisions and 12 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits; its main identity document is Personal Number (Format only). |
| Oman | OM | 11 | 29 | 3 digits✓ | Civil Status Number | OMR |
|---|
| Oman (OM) has 11 divisions and 29 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits; its main identity document is Civil Status Number (Format only). |
Asia-Pacific22
Asia-Pacific spans the widest range of conventions on this page — 22 countries and territories, from pure six-digit codes (mainland China, India, Singapore, Vietnam) to the hyphenated 103-8686 of Japan, Taiwan's 123456 split 3+3, and several alphanumeric schemes. Hong Kong and Macao have no postal code system. Identity numbers are just as mixed, using digits, letters and region codes.
Asia-Pacific — Supported countries and regions| Country / region | ISO | Divisions | Cities | Postal format | National ID | Currency |
|---|
| Australia | AU | 8 | 545 | 4 digits✓ | Tax File Number | AUD |
|---|
| Australia (AU) has 8 divisions and 545 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is Tax File Number (Official check digit). |
| New Zealand | NZ | 17 | 2699 | 4 digits✓ | IRD Number | NZD |
|---|
| New Zealand (NZ) has 17 divisions and 2699 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is IRD Number (Official check digit). |
| China | CN | 31 | 337 | 6 digits✓ | Resident ID Number | CNY |
|---|
| China (CN) has 31 divisions and 337 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is Resident ID Number (Official check digit). |
| Taiwan, China | TW | 22 | 368 | 6 digits✓ | National ID Number | TWD |
|---|
| Taiwan, China (TW) has 22 divisions and 368 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is National ID Number (Official check digit). |
| Hong Kong, China | HK | 18 | 149 | No postal code system~ | Hong Kong Identity Card Number | HKD |
|---|
| Hong Kong, China (HK) has 18 divisions and 149 cities covered; Postal code: No postal code system; its main identity document is Hong Kong Identity Card Number (Official check digit). |
| Macao, China | MO | 7 | 25 | No postal code system~ | Macao Resident Identity Card Number | MOP |
|---|
| Macao, China (MO) has 7 divisions and 25 cities covered; Postal code: No postal code system; its main identity document is Macao Resident Identity Card Number (Format only). |
| Japan | JP | 47 | 1894 | 3 digits - 4 digits✓ | My Number | JPY |
|---|
| Japan (JP) has 47 divisions and 1894 cities covered; Postal code: 3 digits - 4 digits; its main identity document is My Number (Official check digit). |
| South Korea | KR | 16 | 267 | 5 digits✓ | Resident Registration Number | KRW |
|---|
| South Korea (KR) has 16 divisions and 267 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Resident Registration Number (Official check digit). |
| India | IN | 36 | 369 | 6 digits✓ | Permanent Account Number | INR |
|---|
| India (IN) has 36 divisions and 369 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is Permanent Account Number (Format only). |
| Indonesia | ID | 38 | 224 | 5 digits✓ | National ID (NIK) | IDR |
|---|
| Indonesia (ID) has 38 divisions and 224 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National ID (NIK) (Format only). |
| Malaysia | MY | 16 | 199 | 5 digits✓ | Identity Card Number | MYR |
|---|
| Malaysia (MY) has 16 divisions and 199 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Identity Card Number (Format only). |
| Singapore | SG | 1 | 55 | 6 digits✓ | NRIC Number | SGD |
|---|
| Singapore (SG) has 1 divisions and 55 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is NRIC Number (Official check digit). |
| Thailand | TH | 77 | 928 | 5 digits✓ | Citizen ID Number | THB |
|---|
| Thailand (TH) has 77 divisions and 928 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Citizen ID Number (Official check digit). |
| Vietnam | VN | 34 | 3309 | 5 digits✓ | Citizen Identity Card | VND |
|---|
| Vietnam (VN) has 34 divisions and 3309 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Citizen Identity Card (Format only). |
| Philippines | PH | 17 | 238 | 4 digits✓ | PhilSys Number | PHP |
|---|
| Philippines (PH) has 17 divisions and 238 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is PhilSys Number (Format only). |
| Pakistan | PK | 7 | 144 | 5 digits✓ | CNIC | PKR |
|---|
| Pakistan (PK) has 7 divisions and 144 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is CNIC (Format only). |
| Bangladesh | BD | 8 | 130 | 4 digits✓ | National ID | BDT |
|---|
| Bangladesh (BD) has 8 divisions and 130 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is National ID (Format only). |
| Sri Lanka | LK | 9 | 64 | 5 digits✓ | NIC | LKR |
|---|
| Sri Lanka (LK) has 9 divisions and 64 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is NIC (Format only). |
| Nepal | NP | 7 | 54 | 5 digits✓ | National ID | NPR |
|---|
| Nepal (NP) has 7 divisions and 54 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National ID (Format only). |
| Mongolia | MN | 22 | 35 | 5 digits✓ | Civil Registration Number | MNT |
|---|
| Mongolia (MN) has 22 divisions and 35 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is Civil Registration Number (Format only). |
| Myanmar (Burma) | MM | 15 | 145 | 7 digits✓ | NRC Number | MMK |
|---|
| Myanmar (Burma) (MM) has 15 divisions and 145 cities covered; Postal code: 7 digits; its main identity document is NRC Number (Format only). |
| Cambodia | KH | 25 | 106 | 6 digits✓ | Khmer National ID | KHR |
|---|
| Cambodia (KH) has 25 divisions and 106 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is Khmer National ID (Format only). |
Africa7
Africa is the smallest group here, at 7 countries, and its postal codes are mostly four to six digits — six in Nigeria, five in South Africa and Egypt. Most of these schemes were introduced after independence, so they are not the same numbering as the colonial-era codes. On the identity side, Egypt and Tunisia and others have moved to modern numbers with a check digit, while the rest are marked format-only.
Africa — Supported countries and regions| Country / region | ISO | Divisions | Cities | Postal format | National ID | Currency |
|---|
| South Africa | ZA | 9 | 1067 | 4 digits✓ | Identity Number | ZAR |
|---|
| South Africa (ZA) has 9 divisions and 1067 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is Identity Number (Official check digit). |
| Egypt | EG | 27 | 351 | 5 digits✓ | National Number | EGP |
|---|
| Egypt (EG) has 27 divisions and 351 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National Number (Format only). |
| Morocco | MA | 12 | 1503 | 5 digits✓ | CIN | MAD |
|---|
| Morocco (MA) has 12 divisions and 1503 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is CIN (Format only). |
| Algeria | DZ | 58 | 1541 | 5 digits✓ | NIN | DZD |
|---|
| Algeria (DZ) has 58 divisions and 1541 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is NIN (Format only). |
| Tunisia | TN | 24 | 265 | 4 digits✓ | CIN | TND |
|---|
| Tunisia (TN) has 24 divisions and 265 cities covered; Postal code: 4 digits; its main identity document is CIN (Format only). |
| Nigeria | NG | 37 | 773 | 6 digits✓ | NIN | NGN |
|---|
| Nigeria (NG) has 37 divisions and 773 cities covered; Postal code: 6 digits; its main identity document is NIN (Format only). |
| Kenya | KE | 47 | 906 | 5 digits✓ | National ID | KES |
|---|
| Kenya (KE) has 47 divisions and 906 cities covered; Postal code: 5 digits; its main identity document is National ID (Format only). |
In the Postal format column, ✓ means the codes come from public postal data; ~ means no authoritative source exists and codes are generated to format.